Types of MS

There are four main types of multiple sclerosis (MS):

• Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): This is the most common form of MS, initially affecting about 85% of people with the disease. It is characterized by periods of new or worsening symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of recovery (remissions). During relapses, inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath occur, leading to various neurological symptoms. Remissions can last for weeks, months, or even years, and symptoms may partially or completely disappear.
• Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): Many people with RRMS eventually transition to SPMS. In this stage, the disease progresses more steadily, with or without relapses. Disability gradually accumulates over time, even without distinct attacks.
• Primary progressive MS (PPMS): This type of MS is characterized by a steady worsening of neurological function from the onset, without clear relapses or remissions. There may be periods of stability or temporary improvement, but overall, the disease progresses gradually. PPMS is less common than RRMS, affecting about 15% of people with MS.
• Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS): This is the rarest form of MS. It is similar to PPMS in that it has a progressive course from the beginning, but it also includes acute relapses with or without full recovery.

It’s important to remember that MS is a highly variable disease, and individuals with the same type of MS may experience different symptoms and disease progression. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving quality of life for people with MS.